![]() By the mid 1970s, Sinclair Radionics was producing handheld electronic calculators, miniature televisions, and the ill-fated digital Black Watch wristwatch. In 1972, Sinclair had competed with Texas Instruments to produce the world's first pocket calculator, the Sinclair Executive. ![]() On 25 July 1961, three years after passing his A-levels, he founded Sinclair Radionics Ltd as a vehicle to advertise his inventions and buy components. The ZX Spectrum was conceived and designed by English entrepreneur and inventor Clive Sinclair, who was well known for his eccentricity and pioneering ethic. History Background Sir Clive Sinclair riding an X-Bike prototype in 1990. The machine was officially discontinued in 1992. It remains Britain's best-selling computer. It was among the first home computers aimed at a mainstream audience, with some crediting it as being responsible for launching the British information technology industry. Its introduction led to a boom in companies producing software and hardware, the effects of which are still seen. The ZX Spectrum played a pivotal role in the early history of personal computing and video gaming, leaving an enduring legacy that influenced generations. Over 24,000 different software titles were released for the ZX Spectrum. Not counting unofficial clones, the machine sold over 5 million units worldwide. Throughout its life, the machine primarily competed with the Commodore 64, BBC Micro, Dragon 32, and the Amstrad CPC range. Ultimately the Spectrum was released as six different models, ranging from the entry level with 16 KB RAM released in 1982 to the ZX Spectrum +3 with 128 KB RAM and built-in floppy disk drive in 1987. It was released in the United States as the Timex Sinclair 2068 in 1983, and in some parts of Europe as the Timex Computer 2048. It was initially distributed through mail order, but after severe backlogs the machine was sold through High Street chains in the United Kingdom. Video output is transmitted to a television set rather than a dedicated monitor, while software is loaded and saved onto compact audio cassettes. Its distinctive case, rainbow motif and rubber keyboard were designed by Rick Dickinson. The addendum 'Spectrum' was chosen to highlight the machine's colour display, which differed from the black and white display of its predecessor, the ZX81. It was designed to be small, simple, and most importantly inexpensive, with as few components as possible. Referred to during development as the ZX81 Colour, the ZX Spectrum was designed by a small team in Cambridge. The machine was the brainchild of English entrepreneur and inventor Sir Clive Sinclair. Many official and unofficial clones were released around the world in the following years, most notably in Europe, the United States, and Eastern Bloc countries. It was first released in the United Kingdom on 23 April 1982. The ZX Spectrum ( UK: / z ɛ d ɛ k s/) is an 8-bit home computer developed and marketed by Sinclair Research. PAL RF modulator out, 256 x 192, 15 colours Enter your address to determine availability. Services subject to all applicable service terms and conditions, subject to change. HOME PHONE: Unlimited calling includes calls within the U.S., Canada, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Guam, the Virgin Islands and more. Account credentials may be required to stream some TV content online. Channel and HD programming availability based on level of service. TV: TV equipment required charges may apply. ![]() General Terms: INTERNET: Speed based on wired connection and may vary by address. Taxes, fees and surcharges (broadcast surcharge up to $21.00/mo) extra and subject to change during and after the promotional period installation/network activation, equipment and additional services are extra. Spectrum Internet® promotion price is $49.99/mo: advertised price reflects $5 discount when enrolling with AutoPay standard rates apply after yr. Spectrum TV® Select promotion price is $49.99/mo standard rates apply after yr. Spectrum Internet® + TV Select + Voice: Limited time offer subject to change valid to qualified residential customers who have not subscribed to any services within the previous 30 days and who have no outstanding obligation to Charter.
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